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-
- Archive-name: mail/country-codes
- Last-modified: 1994/05/19
-
- Based on International Standard ISO 3166 Names
- Compiled by Olivier M.J. Crepin-Leblond
- E-mail: <ocl@ic.ac.uk>
- Release: 94.05.4
-
-
- Release Notes: a. China with FI.
- b. Malawi, Bangladesh and Eritrea with F (GreenNet node)
-
- Every now-and-then there are enquiries on the net regarding
- E-mail to a distant country. The question is often of the type
- "has that country got E-mail access ?". The following table is a
- guide of country codes, showing the countries which have access to
- Internet or general E-mail services. The country codes have been
- derived from the International Organization for Standardization
- standard ISO 3166. A country code is taken as a top level domain
- once it is registered at rs.internic.net so *not* all country codes
- listed are top level domains. At the bottom of the table, there is
- also a section of general top level domains, based on the information
- available at rs.internic.net.
-
- NOTES:
-
- 1. Description of codes:
-
- FI stands for FULL INTERNET access. This includes 'telnet', 'ftp',
- and internet E-mail.
- B stands for BITNET access although the address may be in internet
- DNS (Domain Name System) format.
- * (Asterisk) means that the country is reachable by E-mail. If this is
- not preceded by FI or B, it means that the connection may be a UUCP
- connection. An asterisk is included after FI or B for consistency.
- PFI stands for a provisional full internet connection.(+)
- P stands for provisional connection. (+)
- (+) This is used when one or more of the following is true:
- - address not verified or lack of address
- - UUCP dialup not active
- - net connection possible but not officially announced
- - premature official announcement of connection
- F stands for a country that is connected to Internet only via means
- of the FIDOnet network. It is assumed that the FIDO connection in this
- case is stable and reliable.
-
- 2. Networks which are not included:
-
- Networks such as MILNET (U.S. Army) have computers all around the
- world. It is generally possible to assume that wherever there is
- a U.S. military base, there will be a node reachable through gateways.
-
- Private company networks such as for DEC (Digital Equipment Corp.),
- or Sun Microsystems, for example, have nodes in many exotic locations.
- However the connection may take place via UUCP and cost a lot of money.
- Those networks have therefore not been included. In addition, those
- are PRIVATE networks.
-
- Many companies ( like U.S. Sprint, for example ) offer commercial
- services to many countries which are not readily available on
- the Internet. The service is VERY COSTLY, usually takes place via
- UUCP or X.400 connections. X.400 E-mail is usually charged to
- someone and if the telecommunication carrier cannot find someone
- to pay for the message transfer, it will reject it. As a result,
- those types of network have not been included in the list.
- Although a user may RECEIVE E-mail from a user on those networks, one
- may not be able to reply to it.
-
-
- 3. Updates:
-
- The situation changes from day to day. The growth in international
- networking is such that the information contained in this document
- may be out of date by the time it reaches you.
- If you have any update (i.e. knowledge that a new country is connected),
- please send a message to <ocl@ic.ac.uk>, including an example address
- from the country reached so that it can be verified.
- Furthermore, if you are a connection provider or could provide a
- low cost connection in a country, and are not listed as a provider in
- that country (see "FURTHER INFORMATION" section), please notify either
- Randy Bush <randy@psg.com> or me.
- NOTE: This doesn't include providers for North America.
- If you are a North American provider, then please DON'T contact us.
-
-
- 4. .US sites
-
- While there are several hundreds of BITNET nodes in USA, none have
- a name in the format `.US'. That's why the .us domain is only FI and *.
-
- 5. .edu, .com, etc.
-
- The domains in this section are special in that some of them are
- used in more than one country. The domains which have full internet
- access are marked accordingly. However, this doesn't mean that *all*
- of those domains have full internet access. For example,
- only a small proportion of .mil sites have full internet access. The
- same is true for .com sites, for example.
-
- 6. UK and GB domains
-
- There are two codes for United Kingdom, namely UK and GB. While
- UK is used for addressing of most domains in DNS format, the field
- GB is used mainly in the X.400 addressing of United Kingdom sites.
- However, there is an increasing trend in some United Kingdom sites
- being directly connected to Internet under the GB domain. The GB domain
- is hence a perfectly suitable Internet top level domain.
- When looking for further information, it is worth looking at both
- UK and GB for United Kingdom.
-
- 7. Further information column
-
- This column contains information as follows:
-
- - E-mail address of a contact from which further information may be obtained
- and/or
- - Details of a gopher system that can be queried for further information
- in this case, look at Section 8: Where to find further information
- or
- - If no other information available: nameserver details, if any.
- This is the main nameserver as listed in the rs.internic.net database.
- Those often change as the network grows, and it is hard to keep track of
- all nameservers, but they should usually work. Nameservers can be
- queried by users using nslookup.
-
- 8. Where to find further information
-
- A number of sites run on-line information databases, mail-servers,
- and gopher information systems where further information can be found.
-
- - rs.internic.net
- Part of this site, the InterNIC database services, contains the
- Internet "white pages". The "whois" section of the "white pages"
- has registration records for top level domains. "whois" can be
- accessed by connecting interactively (telnet rs.internic.net),
- or via gopher (gopher rs.internic.net) or using the "whois"
- command available on some computer systems (whois -h rs.internic.net).
- Registration records for a domain are sometimes useful since they
- provide Administrative and Technical Contacts for this domain
- and those may hence be able to provide further information.
-
- - gopher.ripe.net
- This is a gopher system run by ripe.net, the co-ordinator for
- European Internet nodes. It contains a lot of information regarding
- European IP, etc. It may be accessed either as "gopher gopher.ripe.net"
- or "telnet gopher.ripe.net" and logging-in appropriately.
- It also has a "whois" database.
-
- - GNET: an Archive and Electronic Journal
- This is co-ordinated by Larry Press <lpress@dhvx20.csudh.edu>
- Archived documents are available by anonymous ftp from the
- directory global_net at dhvx20.csudh.edu (155.135.1.1). To
- conserve bandwidth, the archive contains an abstract of each
- document, as well as the full document.
- In addition to the archive, there is a moderated GNET
- discussion list.
- To submit a document to the archive or subscribe to the moderated
- discussion list, use the address gnet_request@dhvx20.csudh.edu.
-
- - BITNIC Bitnet Network Information Center
- Bitnet LISTSERVs contain files which list all BITNET sites around
- the world. For a listing of all BITNET sites, in country code order,
- send a message to LISTSERV@Bitnic.educom.edu (or LISTSERV@BITNIC for
- BITNET folks), no subject, and the command:
- GET NODE INFO3
- in the body of the message.
- A very long file of information on all international BITNET sites
- can be ftp'ed from Bitnic.educom.edu and is called BITEARN.NODES .
- It is more than 2Mb long.
-
- - gopher.psg.com
- This gopher system, maintained by the Network Startup Resource
- Center and PSGnet/RAINet contains perhaps the most comprehensive
- collection of information about country connectivity.
- It may be accessed as "gopher gopher.psg.com". For the gopher client
- impaired, one can telnet to gopher.psg.com and login as gopher.
- An important feature is an E-mail interface to access the information
- in the gopher system.
- Send E-mail to: server@gopher.psg.com
- any subject, and in the body of the message:
-
- send country/<country-code>
-
- Example: if you want further information about Brazil (country code BR)
-
- send country/BR
-
- Many thanks to Randy Bush <randy@psg.com> and to John Klensin
- <klensin@infoods.unu.edu> for setting-up this site and this
- collaborative effort.
-
- 9. Archiving
-
- Once released, this document is archived in a number of archive
- sites around the world. Amongst them:
-
- ftp://rtfm.mit.edu:/pub/usenet/news.answers/mail/
- ftp://lth.se:/pub/netnews/news.answers/mail/
- #ftp://ftp.uu.net:/usenet/news.answers/mail/
- #ftp://unix.hensa.ac.uk:/pub/uunet/usenet/news.answers/mail/
- #ftp://grasp.insa-lyon.fr:/pub/faq/mail/
-
- (#) those may not be accessible via Bear access or direct PC access
- in some cases.
-
- Via E-mail request as follows:
-
- mail ftpmail@grasp.insa-lyon.fr
- Subject: no one cares
- open
- [mime]
- get pub/faq/mail/country-codes
- quit
-
- where [ ] = optional
-
- All FAQs are also available via listserv@cc1.kuleuven.ac.be or
- listserv@blekul11.bitnet . For an index of all FAQs available,
- put the command GET NETFAQS FILELIST in the body of your message.
-
- The document is also retrievable by E-mail from rtfm.mit.edu by
- sending an E-mail to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu , blank subject line
- and the command: send usenet/news.answers/mail/country-codes
-
- The up-to-date, pre-release document is also available using an
- experimental simple mail-server that I have setup from my account.
- Send E-mail to: <ocl@ic.ac.uk> with a subject: archive-server-request
- and the command: get mail/country-codes in the body of your message.
-
- The document is also distributed automatically once a month on a
- mailing list. To subscribe to that mailing list, send a message to:
- listserver@ic.ac.uk with the command in the body of the message:
- SUBSCRIBE country-codes <your-name>
- where "<your-name>" is your real name.
-
- ISO 3166 Codes + Top level domains.
-
- WARNING:
-
- The link to some countries marked as being connected to Internet via
- UUCP or FIDO is often an expensive telephone dialup link. The people
- in those countries pay dearly for every byte of information sent to
- them. It is therefore not advised to send an electronic mail to a
- remote node in such a country asking "how's the weather there".
- When it comes to money, people take things very seriously, especially
- since funds are scarce. It is a matter of net etiquette to keep this
- in mind. Junk mail sent to any node that has to pay a lot for its
- telephone connection will clearly be dealt with HARSHLY and evasive
- action may well be taken against those not respecting this notice.
-
-
- Code Country Conn Notes Further information
- ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
- AD Andorra
- AE United Arab Emirates P Apparently dead ns.uu.net
- AF Afghanistan(Islamic St.)
- AG Antigua and Barbuda * upr1.upr.clu.edu
- AI Anguilla
- AL Albania P gwd2i.cnuce.cnr.it
- AM Armenia Ex-USSR
- AN Netherland Antilles
- AO Angola (Republic of) * gopher gopher.psg.com
- AQ Antarctica FI * luxor.cc.waikato.ac.nz
- AR Argentina FI B * Uni. de Buenos Aires <info@dcfcen.edu.ar>
- <info@satlink.net>
- gopher gopher.psg.com
- AS American Samoa
- AT Austria FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
- telnet ns.ripe.net
- AU Australia FI * munnari.oz.au
- AW Aruba
- AZ Azerbaidjan Ex-USSR
- BA Bosnia-Herzegovina
- BB Barbados * upr1.upr.clu.edu
- BD Bangladesh F
- BE Belgium FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
- telnet ns.ripe.net
- BF Burkina Faso * gopher gopher.psg.com
- BG Bulgaria FI B * Daniel Kalchev <daniel@digsys.bg>
- BH Bahrain B * Gulfnet <postmaster@bhuob00.bitnet>
- BI Burundi
- BJ Benin
- BM Bermuda * Tom Coelho <tom@bercol.dmc.com>
- BN Brunei Darussalam
- BO Bolivia * gopher gopher.psg.com
- BR Brazil FI B * gopher gopher.psg.com
- BS Bahamas * upr1.upr.clu.edu
- BT Bhutan
- BV Bouvet Island
- BW Botswana * gopher gopher.psg.com
- BY Belarus * Ex-USSR gopher gopher.psg.com
- BZ Belize * gopher gopher.psg.com
- CA Canada FI B * relay.cdnnet.ca
- CC Cocos (Keeling) Isl.
- CF Central African Rep.
- CG Congo * gopher gopher.psg.com
- CH Switzerland FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
- telnet ns.ripe.net
- CI Ivory Coast * gopher gopher.psg.com
- CK Cook Islands
- CL Chile FI B * gopher gopher.psg.com
- dcc.uchile.cl
- CM Cameroon FI * in .fr domain gopher gopher.psg.com
- CN China FI * iraun1.ira.uka.de
- gopher gopher.psg.com
- CO Colombia B * gopher gopher.psg.com
- cunixd.cc.columbia.edu
- CR Costa Rica FI B * gopher gopher.psg.com
- CS Czechoslovakia FI B * still works... gopher gopher.ripe.net
- telnet gopher.ripe.net
- CU Cuba * gopher gopher.psg.com
- CV Cape Verde
- CX Christmas Island
- CY Cyprus FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
- CZ Czech Republic FI * gopher gopher.ripe.net
- telnet ns.ripe.net
- DE Germany FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
- telnet ns.ripe.net
- gopher gopher.psg.com
- DJ Djibouti
- DK Denmark FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
- telnet ns.ripe.net
- DM Dominica * upr1.upr.clu.edu
- DO Dominican Republic * gopher gopher.psg.com
- DZ Algeria FI * gopher gopher.psg.com
- EC Ecuador FI B * gopher gopher.psg.com
- EE Estonia FI * Juhan Poeldvere <juhan@chem.ut.ee>
- EG Egypt FI B * gopher gopher.psg.com
- EH Western Sahara
- ER Eritrea F
- ES Spain FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
- telnet ns.ripe.net
- ET Ethiopia F gopher gopher.psg.com
- FI Finland FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
- telnet ns.ripe.net
- FJ Fiji FI * <postmaster@usp.ac.fj>
- FK Falkland Isl.(Malvinas)
- FM Micronesia
- FO Faroe Islands P danpost.uni-c.dk
- FR France FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
- telnet ns.ripe.net
- gopher gopher.psg.com
- FX France (European Ter.) ???
- GA Gabon
- GB Great Britain (UK) FI * X.400 & IP ns1.cs.ucl.ac.uk
- GD Grenada P upr1.upr.clu.edu
- GE Georgia * Ex-USSR ns.eu.net
- GF Guyana (Fr.) * gopher gopher.psg.com
- GH Ghana F gopher gopher.psg.com
- GI Gibraltar
- GL Greenland
- GM Gambia F gopher gopher.psg.com
- GN Guinea
- GP Guadeloupe (Fr.) * gopher gopher.psg.com
- GQ Equatorial Guinea
- GR Greece FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
- telnet ns.ripe.net
- GS South Georgia and
- South Sandwich Islands
- GT Guatemala * ns.uu.net
- GU Guam (US) FI * uog2.uog.edu
- GW Guinea Bissau
- GY Guyana
- HK Hong Kong FI B * hp9000.csc.cuhk.hk
- HM Heard & McDonald Isl.
- HN Honduras * ns.uu.net
- HR Croatia FI * dns.srce.hr
- HT Haiti P gopher gopher.psg.com
- HU Hungary FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
- telnet ns.ripe.net
- gopher gopher.psg.com
- ID Indonesia PFI * gopher gopher.psg.com
- ns.uu.net
- IE Ireland FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
- telnet ns.ripe.net
- IL Israel FI B * relay.huji.ac.il
- IN India FI B * gopher gopher.psg.com
- sangam.ncst.ernet.in
- IO British Indian O. Terr.
- IQ Iraq
- IR Iran FI B * Ali Shokoufandeh <ali@IREARN.BITNET>
- Ebrahim Mashayekh <ebrahim@IREARN.BITNET>
- Akbar Behzadi <akbar@IREARN.BITNET>
- IS Iceland FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
- telnet ns.ripe.net
- IT Italy FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
- telnet ns.ripe.net
- JM Jamaica * gopher gopher.psg.com
- JO Jordan
- JP Japan FI B * gopher gopher.psg.com
- jp-gate.wide.ad.jp
- KE Kenya * gopher gopher.psg.com
- KG Kyrgyz Republic Ex-USSR
- KH Cambodia
- KI Kiribati
- KM Comoros
- KN St.Kitts Nevis Anguilla P upr1.upr.clu.edu
- KP Korea (North) P
- KR Korea (South) FI B * ns.kaist.ac.kr
- KW Kuwait FI * No BITNET gopher gopher.psg.com
- KY Cayman Islands
- KZ Kazachstan * Ex-USSR in .su domain
- LA Laos
- LB Lebanon PFI P gopher gopher.psg.com
- LC Saint Lucia * upr1.upr.clu.edu
- LI Liechtenstein FI * gopher gopher.ripe.net
- telnet ns.ripe.net
- LK Sri Lanka PFI * Gihan Dias <gihan@cse.mrt.ac.lk>
- LR Liberia
- LS Lesotho * gopher gopher.psg.com
- LT Lithuania FI * Ex-USSR aun.uninett.no
- LU Luxembourg FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
- telnet ns.ripe.net
- LV Latvia FI * Ex-USSR lapsene.mii.lu.lv
- LY Libya
- MA Morocco
- MC Monaco
- MD Moldavia PFI * Ex-USSR
- MG Madagascar (Republic of) * gopher gopher.psg.com
- MH Marshall Islands
- MK Macedonia (former Yugo.) * gopher gopher.psg.com
- ML Mali * gopher gopher.psg.com
- MM Myanmar
- MN Mongolia
- MO Macau FI * hkuxb.hku.hk
- MP Northern Mariana Isl.
- MQ Martinique (Fr.)
- MR Mauritania
- MS Montserrat
- MT Malta P ns.iunet.it
- MU Mauritius P gopher gopher.psg.com
- MV Maldives
- MW Malawi F
- MX Mexico FI B * gopher gopher.psg.com
- mtecv1.mty.itesm.mx
- MY Malaysia FI B * mimos.my
- MZ Mozambique * gopher gopher.psg.com
- NA Namibia * gopher gopher.psg.com
- NC New Caledonia (Fr.) * gopher gopher.psg.com
- NE Niger * in .fr domain gopher gopher.psg.com
- NF Norfolk Island
- NG Nigeria F gopher gopher.psg.com
- NI Nicaragua FI * gopher gopher.psg.com
- NL Netherlands FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
- telnet ns.ripe.net
- NO Norway FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
- telnet ns.ripe.net
- NP Nepal
- NR Nauru
- NU Niue
- NZ New Zealand FI * truth.waikato.ac.nz
- OM Oman
- PA Panama B * gopher gopher.psg.com
- PE Peru FI * gopher gopher.psg.com
- PF Polynesia (Fr.) * gopher gopher.psg.com
- PG Papua New Guinea * munnari.oz.au
- PH Philippines FI * ns.uu.net
- PK Pakistan * Imran Anwar <imran@panix.com>
- PL Poland FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
- telnet ns.ripe.net
- gopher gopher.psg.com
- PM St. Pierre & Miquelon
- PN Pitcairn
- PR Puerto Rico (US) FI B * sun386-gauss.pr
- PT Portugal FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
- telnet gopher.ripe.net
- PW Palau
- PY Paraguay * ns.uu.net
- QA Qatar
- RE Reunion (Fr.) FI * In .fr domain inria.inria.fr
- RO Romania FI B * roearn.ici.ac.ro
- RU Russian Federation P Ex-USSR
- RW Rwanda F gopher gopher.psg.com
- SA Saudi Arabia B * GulfNet gopher gopher.psg.com
- SB Solomon Islands
- SC Seychelles * gopher gopher.psg.com
- SD Sudan
- SE Sweden FI B * gopher gopher.ripe.net
- telnet ns.ripe.net
- SG Singapore FI B * gopher solomon.technet.sg
- gopher gopher.psg.com
- SH St. Helena
- SI Slovenia FI * gopher gopher.ripe.net
- telnet ns.ripe.net
- SJ Svalbard & Jan Mayen IsFI * in .no domain
- SK Slovakia (Slovak Rep) FI * gopher gopher.ripe.net
- telnet ns.ripe.net
- SL Sierra Leone
- SM San Marino
- SN Senegal * gopher gopher.psg.com
- SO Somalia
- SR Suriname * upr1.upr.clu.edu
- ST St. Tome and Principe
- SU Soviet Union FI B * Still used. <hostmaster@ussr.eu.net>
- gopher gopher.psg.com
- SV El Salvador gopher gopher.psg.com
- SY Syria
- SZ Swaziland * gopher gopher.psg.com
- TC Turks & Caicos Islands
- TD Chad
- TF French Southern Terr.
- TG Togo * gopher gopher.psg.com
- TH Thailand FI * gopher gopher.psg.com
- chulkn.chula.ac.th
- TJ Tadjikistan Ex-USSR
- TK Tokelau
- TM Turkmenistan * Ex-USSR in .su domain
- TN Tunisia FI B * gopher gopher.psg.com
- alyssa.rsinet.tn
- TO Tonga
- TP East Timor
- TR Turkey FI B * gopher gopher.psg.com
- knidos.cc.metu.edu.tr
- TT Trinidad & Tobago * gopher gopher.psg.com
- TV Tuvalu
- TW Taiwan FI B * gopher gopher.psg.com
- TZ Tanzania F gopher gopher.psg.com
- UA Ukraine FI * UA Network Enq. <domain-master@cs.kiev.ua>
- UG Uganda F gopher gopher.psg.com
- UK United Kingdom FI B * ISO 3166 is GB telnet news.janet.ac.uk
- gopher news.janet.ac.uk
- UK Network Enq. <liaison@nsfnet-relay.ac.uk>
- gopher gopher.psg.com
- UM US Minor outlying Isl.
- US United States FI * see note (4) venera.isi.edu
- UY Uruguay B * gopher gopher.psg.com
- UZ Uzbekistan Ex-USSR
- VA Vatican City State
- VC St.Vincent & Grenadines P upr1.upr.clu.edu
- VE Venezuela FI * nisc.jvnc.net
- VG Virgin Islands (British)
- VI Virgin Islands (US) *
- VN Vietnam P
- VU Vanuatu * gopher gopher.psg.com
- WF Wallis & Futuna Islands
- WS Samoa
- YE Yemen
- YT Mayotte
- YU Yugoslavia FI B * Bitnet is cut klepec.yunac.yu
- ZA South Africa FI * gopher gopher.psg.com
- ZM Zambia F gopher gopher.psg.com
- ZR Zaire
- ZW Zimbabwe * gopher gopher.psg.com
-
- See Note [5] for the next top level domains (rs.internic.net):
-
- ARPA Old style Arpanet * alias still works ns.nic.ddn.mil
- COM Commercial FI * telnet whois.internic.net
- EDU Educational FI B * telnet whois.internic.net
- GOV Government FI * telnet whois.internic.net
- INT International field FI * used by Nato ns1.cs.ucl.ac.uk
- MIL US Military FI * ns.nic.ddn.mil
- NATO Nato field * soon to be deleted ???
- NET Network FI * telnet whois.internic.net
- ORG Non-Profit OrganizationFI * telnet whois.internic.net
-
- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
- DISCLAIMER: while every effort is made to provide accurate information,
- this list is not guaranteed to be accurate. This document is in NO WAY
- an official document. The information given should not be used as a basis
- for routing tables but only as general end-user information. This is a
- voluntary effort. I would appreciate greatly if errors/omissions could
- be pointed out to me and they would be corrected in the next release.
- The information included in this document implies no view whatsoever
- regarding questions of sovereignty or the status of any place listed.
- Affiliation to Imperial College is given for identification purposes only.
-
-
- --
- Olivier M.J. Crepin-Leblond, Digital Comms. Section, Elec. Eng. Department
- Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2BT, UK
- Internet/Bitnet: <foobar@ic.ac.uk> - Janet: <foobar@uk.ac.ic>
-
-
-